Building Economic Resilience in an Era of Geopolitical Instability: Institutions, Innovation, and Inclusive Growth

Abstract

This study emerges from growing concern over the vulnerability of economies facing repeated global disruption, including war, oil shocks, trade conflict, technological change, and broader geopolitical instability. Although economic resilience has become an important concept in contemporary scholarship, existing discussions often treat institutions, innovation, and inclusive growth as separate determinants rather than as interconnected foundations of long-term adaptability. The purpose of this study is to develop an integrated analytical framework explaining how institutional robustness, innovation dynamics, and inclusive growth jointly shape economic resilience. The study employs a qualitative conceptual research design based on analytical framework development. It uses document-based analysis of scholarly arguments and conceptual discussions related to economic resilience, institutions, innovation, and inclusive development. The analysis is organized around three main dimensions—institutional robustness, innovation dynamics, and inclusive growth—with economic resilience as the overarching analytical outcome. Through relational synthesis, the study maps how these dimensions interact under conditions of global disruption and geopolitical uncertainty. The principal results show that economic resilience is best understood as a systemic and relational capacity produced by the interaction of robust institutions, adaptive innovation, and socially broad development pathways. The study concludes that resilience becomes stronger and more durable when governance capacity, transformative adaptation, and inclusion operate as an integrated foundation rather than as isolated factors. Its main contribution is to provide a more coherent conceptual framework for understanding economic resilience in an era of prolonged uncertainty and structural disruption.